Soluble oil



Patented May 15, 1951 SOLUBLE OIL Stanley P. Waugh, Westfield, N. J., assignor to Tide Water Associated Oil Company, Bayonne, N. J a corporation of Delaware N Drawing.

Application February 19, 1948, Serial No. 9,630 i 14 Claims. (Cl. 252-33.4)

The present application, which is a continuation-in-part of my application, Serial No. 579,- 495, filed February 23, 1945 (now abandoned), relates to improved soluble-oil compositions and, more specifically, to stable soluble oils which, when dispersed in water, form stable emulsions of unusually high load-carrying capacity.

Soluble oils comprise essentially an oil (generally a mineral oil), a small amount of water, and a soap as an emulsifying agent, the aforesaid iningredients being generally employed in rather well-defined proportionate amounts so that, when the soluble oil is incorporated into relatively large proportionate amounts of Water, a stable emulsion or dispersion results that is suitable for use as a lubricant and coolant in metal cutting and other machining operations. In addition, such compositions should possess other desirable properties, as for example, they should be neutral or slightly alkaline to prevent undue corrosion of metalparts used in contact therewith andshould be, relatively non-toxic to the human skin.

In the production of soluble, oils known to the art, difiiculties have been encountered in obtaining stable compositions having all of the desired properties and characteristics without sacrifice of other advantages, and such difiicultie have especially been encountered when attempts are made to incorporate certain components or ingredients into the soluble oils to impart special desired properties thereto. Such difficulties include instability as evidenced by gelling, development of a cloudy appearance, or separation of components, at low temperatures. Instability of the emulsion, as evidenced by formation of a cuff or cream, or oil separation upon standing at normal temperatures, occurs in many instances. In general, relatively large amounts of soap are employed in attempts to improve the stability characteristics of such emulsions, but in many instances, the use of such an expedient does not impart the desired stability characteristics to the soluble oils. It has also been proposed to incorporate certain coupling or blending agents into soluble oils to improve the solubility of various components therein but, as far as I am aware, such heretofore proposed compositions require relatively large proportionate amounts of soap, or have other disadvantages.

It has been particularly difiicult to obtain satisfactory soluble oils which, when emulsified,

possess high film strength. Attempts to incorporate in soluble oils, certain extreme pressure agents in amounts suificient to impart relatively high load-carrying characteristics has heretofore not been entirely successful, mainly because unstable Oils and/or unstable emulsions result. Thus, the usefulness of soluble oil emulsion in heavy duty machining operations, such as the high speed cutting of hard alloy steels and other heavy duty metal cutting operations, has been restricted by the limited amounts of extreme pressure agents possible of incorporation into the known soluble oil compositions without destroye ing the homogeneity of the emulsion.

The main purpose of this invention is to provide a soluble oil composition which is stable and otherwise free of the above-stated objectionable characteristics, both when in emulsified and unemulsified form. Another purpose is to provide a soluble oil composition of satisfactory stability, containing a relatively small proportionate amount of soap; and a related purpose is to provide such a soluble oil of non-acid character. A further purpose of the invention resides in the production or provision of stable soluble oils containing relatively large proportions of extreme pressure agents which are effective and satis: factory for use as lubricants and coolants in heavy duty metal cutting operations when emulsified with water. Still a further purposeis the provision'of a soluble oil, containing a relatively large proportionate amount of extreme pressure agents, that is stable in emulsified and unemulsified form while containing a relatively low proportionate amount of soap. A further objective of the invention is to provide a soluble oil containing a relatively large amount of water in stable solution with the remaining constituents thereof, and which is stable over a relatively wide range of water contents. Other purposes and objectives will become apparent as the detailed description of the invention proceeds.

I have found that the more water, within limits, which can be incorporated into soluble oils in stable solutions, the more stable will be the emulsion comprisin these soluble oils and additional water as prepared for use. This is especially true as'to the tendency of the emulsion to form a cream or cuff. In some oil compositions, increased amounts of water can be incorporated by increasing the soap content, but use of A further advantageous feature I is that these soluble oils possess comparatively wide water tolerances, by which is meant the range of water contents within which they are stable. This is important from amanufacturingstandpoint in permitting considerably less exactitude in preparing the formula than is the case of soluble oils having lower water tolerances.

Another feature of this invention is that by use of two particular types of coupling or blending agents in combination, highly stable solub1e"'oi;.s

are provided that contain relatively large amounts of extreme pressure agents and maintain stability in emulsified or unemulsified form with relatively low soap concentration. Hence, by use of the two coupling or blending agentsin combination in a manner more fully described hereinafter, soluble oils are provided that have a high water content, greater water tolerance, and generally improved stability both in emulsilied and unemulsified form without necessitating useofrelatively large proportionate amounts of soapyand of considerable importance is the fact that these results can be obtained in soluble oils containing high proportions of extreme pressure agents.

In accordance with this invention, the composite coupling or blendingagent employed comprises as one component, certain polyhydroxy alcohols, as for example, ethylene glycol or dithylenesglycol' and f as another component,alcohci -etners sacn s monoalkyl or aryl ethers of polyhydr oxy alcohols, as for example, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; monoethyl ether of:di ethylene glycol, monophenyl ether of ethylene glycol,- and'the like.

Thefollowing example will serve to illustrate theinveritionin' one specific embodiment comprisingan extremepres'sure or high load-carryi'ng; soluble oil containing sulfurized sperm oil as the extreme pressure agent. The ingredient shown as s'oap solution,asused herein and in-' cluding the following examples, comprises about 60%'of the water-soluble sodium salts of'm'a' hogan-y acids derived from petroleum, about 5% of water, and the balance mineral oil. The ingredients are shownin formula amounts, s'oaps being-formed by action of the sodium hydroxide with" the woodfatty ac-ids prior to blending with therei'naining constituents. Proportions are by weight:-

Composition A Per Cent Mineral oi1:(100 s. U. s. at 100 F.) 5s. 0. Sulfurized Sperm Oil (non-corrosive) 25.0 Soap Solution 13. 5 Wood fatty acids 2. 15 NaOH (50 Be 1.05 Diethylcne gly 1.14 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 2.18 Water 1. 98 100. 00

The foregoing composition is of alkaline nature and will not gel or cloud when held at 40 F. for 16 hours. The total water content of the foregoing extreme pressure agent-containing soluble oil is about 3% and its water tolerance is about 1%. As explained earlier herein, water tolerance is the variation in water content which is permissible without affecting stability. Obtainment of a soluble oil of this character, having water tolerance as high as 1%, represents a substantial improvement in ease o'f ma'nufacture over certain heretofore known sommeeus of this type which'generally have substantially lower tolerances, for example, 0.1 to 0.3%, and. which require exercise of very great care in their preparation. Of additional and considerable importance, is that the'foregoing composition, containing 25% ofthe extreme pressure agent, is stable in emulsified and unemulsified form even though the soap content is'dnly about 11 i. e., markedly 1 less than the total concentration of the extreme pressure agent.

The proportions of the various ingredients of the above-exemplified composition may be Varied somewhat. However, it lias'been" found't-hat" for obtainment of both satisfactory. Water tolerance and stability as regards the soluble oil and stability'of its emulsion, the ratio byweight of thealcohol-ether. agent. to the p'olyhydroxy alcohol should be at least one to one. Use of an amount of' ethylene "glycolmonobutyl ether substantially less than the amount o'fdi'ethylen'e glycol'in oils containing 'oe'rt'ainf special ingredients, partic-- ularly extreme pressure-agent's, results insoluble oils which do not form stable emulsions when mixed with the required amounts of water and which, giveirise to manufacturing dinicultiesbecauseof'their low'watertolerance. On the other hand,,higher ratios of these coupling agents; are satisfactory, ratios upwtoabout five'to one-,or somewhat higher giving good results in these respects. Preferab1y,xthe"dihydroxy alcohol coupling "agent-component should be present. in the soluble oil: in: amounts-corresponding to over about 0.3% by weight of diethylene glycol; Amounts of thismaterial rangin'g up toabout 2% have beenfoundto give satisfactory results. While greater amou'iit's'of this 'agentmay -be useful, for exaniple,"up to about 3% such as in certain-instances when an exceedingly' high concen tra'tion of extreme pressure agent'is employed, satisfactory results areobtain'edwith-better econ omyjat thelower'proportio'ns' indicated.

Irforder' to further illustrate the inventionjthe following Table I sets" forth severalso'luble' oil compositions that were prepared by blending, in the proportions set-forth", a'mineral 0'11, sulfurized sperm oil as an extreme pressure agent',"and"a concentrate'having the follc'iwingv composition, the ratio of. the polyliydroxy'alcoholto alcohol-ether being. 1 to 2.31:

V Per Cent Concentrate by Weight Soap soliitiorifl. 64.6 Wood fatty acids. 5. 2 NaOH 50 Bl)'.. 3;0 Diethylene' glycol.-. 5. 5 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ethe i 12. 7 Water 9.0

Table I Soluble 8ilt%omv1;osi1t1in, Per

en y erg g gfi g Ratio of Emulsion Characterisg in Sulfurized tic soluble 011 Sulnr- C f on OS esrm conposition in me oncen- 1 oa wa er sperm trate Composition p Oil 32 2. :1 Geog.

. :l o. 25 7. 0 3. :1 Slight oil Separation. g8 7.? 2. :1 (3001(1).

6. 3. o. 12 6.6 3. :1 Slight oil Separation. 15 20 9.3 1. :1 Good. 15 18 8.4 1. :1 Do. it ti it 2 i 3 2 o. 15 11 5. 1 3:1 Slight oil Separation. i8 1 i3 '8 iii 5. 0. 10 10 4. 7 2. 1:1 Slight oil Separation.

5 15 7. 0 0. 7:1 Good. 5 10 4. 7 0. 9:1 Oil Separation.

As is evident from the data in the foregoing table, highly stable soluble oils are set forth that contain a. relatively high proportionate amount of extreme pressure agent, i. e., from 10 to and in each case, the soluble oils containing such high proportionate amounts of sulfurized sperm oil were stable in emulsified as well as unemulsified form while having soap concentrations considerably less than the total concentration of extreme pressur agent. Thus, as shown, when the concentration of sulfurized sperm oil was 25%, a stable soluble oil was obtained by using a soap sperm oil as the extreme pressure agent, the following Table II sets forth compositions similar thereto except that instead of sulfurized sperm oil, the extreme pressure agent was a commercially available phosphorus-containing extreme pressure agent known as Ortholeum 153 understood to be comprised predominantly of tricresyl phosphate. As is shown by the data in Table II, the results obtained by the use of the phosphorus-containing extreme pressure were substantially similar to those set forth in Table I wherein sulfurized sperm oil was employed:

Table II Soll1 1bleoOilt%on%$ si1t1iton, er en y elg ga i Ratio of Ex- Emulsion Characterin treme Presistics (10% Soluble Mineral Phosphorus- Com solublle on sure Oil Composition in Oil (100 containing Composition AgentzSoap ater) SUS at extreme presmite 100 F sure agent 20 20 9. 3 2. 2: 1 Good. 8 i2 '3 Z'Zi B"- 2 7. o. 20 14 6. 5 3. 1:1 Slight oil Separation. 18 i6 7. g l. Gooii). 1 4 6. 1. o. 10 12 5. 6 1. 8:1 Slight oil Separation.

5 15 7. 0 0. 7:1 Good. 5 12 5.6 0. 9:1 Slight Cufl. 85. 5 10 4. 7 1. 1:1 Oil Separation.

concentration down to about 7.0%, when using 20% of the extreme pressure agent, a soap concentration down to about 5.6% could be satisfactorily used; with a total concentration of 15% of extreme pressure agent, stability of the soluble oil was maintained by using a soap concentration down to about 5.1%; and with 10% of extreme pressure agent, stability was maintained with a soap concentration down to as low as about 4.7%.

Whereas the foregoing table sets forth soluble 011s, as embodied herein, containing sulfurlzed 7 g ssegeissa Table III Soluble Oil Compositions,

Per Cent by Weight w R t {E y eig a 1o 0 x- Chlorinegggg gg, gg tttif ttifii ii ifi fi ofi't infiiise 583 Compost Agentsoap at 100 F pressure trate tum agent 20 18 8. 4 2. 4: 1 Good. 20 15 7.0 2. 8:1 Do. 20 12 5.6 3. 6:1 Slight Oil Separation. 7, 0 1. 4:1 Good.. 7 10 12 5.6 1. 8:1 Slight Cufl.

5 15 7.0 0. 7:1 Good. 5 12.5 6.8 0.9:1 OilSeparation.v 5 10 4. 7 1. 1:1 Do.

In the compositions set forth hereinbefore, :il-- lustrating specific embodiments of this invention,

the stable soluble oils contained a predominate ing amount of mineral oil comprising the sum of the added mineral oil (100 S. U. S. at 100 F.)

plus the mineral oil (about present in the soap solution of the concentrate. In each case wherein the soluble oil contained at least 10% of extreme pressure agent, irrespective of whether the-extremepres'sure 'agent was a sulfur-', pho'se pho'rus-, or chlorine-containing compound, the soluble oil had good emulsion characteristics at soap-concentrations markedlyless than the con centration ofextreme pressure agent. 7 Similarly,

satisfactory results are'obtained, inaccordancev with tliis-inventiom'by use s? higher concentra ti'ons of extreme "pressure agents-than-set forth in the foregoingtables. The following example is illustrative of this aspect of theinvention:

Example r A composition was prepared comprising by weight of sulfurized sperm oil and 50% of the concentrate described hereinbefore. Hence, the blend had the followingrformula based on a breakdown of the soap solution into its con- The foregoing composition, containing more than twiceas much extreme pressureagent as the total concentration of soap, and only'11'.31% of mineral oil (i. e., about one-fifth as much mineral oil as the extreme pressure agent) was highly stable both in emulsified and unemulsified iorm the*attainment of such stability inthe high extreme: pressure agent-containing, low soap-containing soluble oil being due. to the use incombination of the-alcohol-ether and polyhydroxy alcohol in'the'manner disclosed according to this-invention. Moreover, it is within the scope. of this invention to prepare novel soluble oils, as embodied herein, by incorporating into a suitable mineral oil-a concentrate such as set forth. in .the foregoing :example but which is substantially, or wholly, devoid of mineral oil. In illustration thereof, such a concentrate may comprise an extreme pressure agent, a Water-soluble 7 5 oils;- but r with such" concentrations; of; extreme soap-.th'at' is substantially devoidlof mineraI'oil, a polyliydroxyllalcohol such as diethylene g-lycolia and-an alcohol-ether such as ethylene glycol... monobu'tyl ether, the ether being present in an.

amount of from about one to five times that of the polyhydroxy alcohol and the polyhydroxy alcohol being present in an amount whereby a soluble oil, prepared by use of said concentrate, will have a concentration of the polyhydroxy alcohol of from: about 0'.3 =to 8%, the total amount of soap present in' the concentrateb'eing less than the amount of I extreme -pressure':a'gent-'but in an amount su-fiicientso that when theconcentrate. is blended with-a minerahoil, a stable composi In illustration of such con'-' centrations in 1 the concentrate, the poly-hydroxy: alcoholand the alcohol-ether in the concentrate may for example, be 2. and 5.35% respectively,

tion is obtained.

as shown i'n the example.

Referring to the soluble oi-lcompositions: set forth hereinbef ore in illustration 1 of th'epresent invention, and particularly to the compositions in Tables I to III inclusive, it is evident that in each case wherein the soluble oil contained at least 10% of extreme pressure agents, the soluble oils were highly stable with soap concentrations markedly less than the concentration of extreme pressure agent. However, when only 5% of extreme pressure agent was present in the soluble oil, emulsion stability resulted when the concentration of soap was at least substantially equal to the concentration of extreme pressure agent.

For example, using 5% of sulfurized sperm oil tion relating to the prepar'ation o'f highly-stable soluble?oilsizcontaining'a concentration-loft:soap; lower: than: the concentration:-of:. extreme'-press1 sure: agent, the invention 1r-elates'particularlyto such soluble oils .that containomore them-5%. of. an extreme pressure agent; and more. particular.

ly', that. contain at least"'10% or extreme pressure. agent, as use of such: relatively high concentraf tions-of extreme pressure agents arenot-only made permissible by use of the aforesaid-com bination of an alcohol-ether and polyhydroxyalcohol providing a high load-carrying; soluble pressure agents, the amount of soap used to maintain emulsion stability may be markedly less than the total concentration of extreme pressure agent.

As aforesaid, in practicing the present invention, essential use is made of a combination of an alcohol-ether and a polyhydroxy alcohol in the stated proportionate amounts in order to provide the novel and advantageous results embodied herein. Whereas it has been shown by the data set forth hereinbefore, that by practicing this invention, high load-carrying soluble oils are provided that contain a concentration of soap lower than that of the extreme pressure agent, similar results are not obtained when, for example, in accordance with certain prior art teachings, the two agents are not employed in combination in a manner disclosed herein. In

illustration thereof, the followin composition was prepared and tested for emulsion characteristics:

Per cent by Weight Mineral oil (100 S. U. S. .at 100 F.) 72.70 Sulfurized lard oil 10.00 Soap solution:

The foregoing composition containing diethylene glycol (but devoid of an alcohol-ether), of sulfurized lard oil, and a total of about 10% soap, when emulsified with 90% by volume of water, immediately formed a cuff with oil separation evidencing emulsion instability. Hence, whereas by practicing the present invention, soluble Oils containing 10% of extreme pressure agent are stable with concentrations of soap markedly less than 10%, as for example, down to about 5.6%, and, in some cases, even down to 4.7% of soap, compositions similar thereto, but devoid of the alcohol-ether, do not exhibit such stability when, as aforeshown, the amount by weight of soap employed is substantially equal to the amount of extreme pressure agent.

As an illustration of the load-carrying effectiveness of the extreme pressure soluble oil com positions of this invention, an emulsion of the composition hereinbefore set forth as composition A was tested on a Falex Tester. This device, which is a well known lubricant testing machine, comprises a steel pin rotatable between two nonrotatable steel jaws carrying V-shaped bearing surfaces, and means for clamping the rotating pin between the bearing surfaces with adjustable force. In conducting the test, the oil emulsion under observation was kept in contact with the revolving pin while the latter was clamped between the bearings with steadily increasing force applied to the jaws. The amount of force, as indicated on the load-gauge of the machine, required to cause seizure between pin and bearings represents failure of the oil by this test.

The following tabulated data indicate the comparative load-carrying capacities of the soluble oil of this invention and certain other soluble oils. In each case, the compositions tested consisted of 10% by volume of soluble oil and 90% by volume of water. Loads were applied gradually during the test while rotating the pin at a constant speed. The torque recorded represents Falex Tester gauge reading and indicates the lubricating effectiveness of the oils at various Test oil 13 was prepared from a soluble oil containing a mineral oil, about 9% of soap as an emulsifying agent, water and diethylene glycol as a coupling agent, but no extreme pressure agent and no alcohol-ether. Test oil 0 was of similarcomposition to oil B, but contained about 5% of sulfurized sperm oil, which was approximately the maximum amount which could be incorporated in the absence of the two coupling agents of this invention to obtain a stable emulsion. Test oils D to F, inclusive, were commercially available soluble oils containing mineral oil emulsified with soaps but devoid of extreme pressure additives.

From the tabulated :test data, it is obvious that the soluble oil composition ofthis invention is markedly superior in load-carrying capacity as compared with other soluble oils tesmd. In addition, it should be noted that, at corresponding loads, the soluble oils of this invention offer relatively low frictional resistance, as evidencedby the respective torque readings in the tabulated data of this and the other oils tested.

As is apparent from the foregoing description, the invention is not limited to use of the specific type of extreme pressure agent set forth in the illustrative examples included herein, as evidenced by the fact that when using relatively high proportionate amounts of a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing, or chlorine-containing extreme pressure agent, highly stable soluble oils were prepared using concentrations of soap markedly less than the concentration of the extreme pressure agent. Hence, when soluble oil emulsions of high load-carrying capacity are the objective, other known extreme pressure agents may be substituted for those specifically disclosed in practicing this invention, as for example, elemental sulfur either in corrosive or noncorrosive form, sulfur chloride-treated fatty acids, and. the like.

The use of rosin or other materials normally tending to impart acidic character is unnecessary in the present invention. The soluble oils of the invention can be made neutral or alkaline without aiTecting stability, with correspondingly less tendency to corrode metals with which they come into contact in use and better tolerance when emulsified in hard water; Likewise, the mineral oil component may be varied, one of the important features being that all or part of this component may be mineral oil derived from highly paraflim'c base crudes. Paraffinic oils, particularly of Pennsylvania crudes, heretofore have bGGFLCOIlSidl-Elfiddifi'lcllit 'to mcor-pora-te in soluble mils-without affecting stability.

Although the present invention has beendescribed in conjunction with certain preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in theart will .readily recognize .that .variation .and modificaepe'ndedclaims.

I claim:

1. A stable-soluble oil composition comprisinga mineral oil, about 35 to about 50% based on the weight of said composition of an extreme pres sure agent from the group consisting of sulfur containing,phosphorus-containing and chlorine containing extreme pressure agents for said mineral oil, a water-soluble soap as an emulsifying agent, Water an amountgsufiicient to inhibit said composition -against gelation but less than an amount suflioientto' induce separation of said composition;aboutxoiiictozabout 3% of a poly-hyi droxy "BilCOhO'l and an-ramount of. an alcohol-ether a of ifromabout one-to about rfive times thatiof the -=-poly=hydroxy alcohol, the total amount of soap being less than the amount .of extreme pressure :agent' but sufficient tO"lSt37bl1iZ6 the composition against separation.

2. A stablesoluble oil composition comprising ia'lmineralzoil; :about? .'to. .about-50% based on the --Weight of said I conipositionlof an oil-soluble extreme' pressure-agent from the group consisting icofssulfur-oontaimng, phosphorus econtaining, and eohlorineecontaining compounds, a water-soluble soap as an emulsifying agent, water -in .anamount :sunicient to' inhibit :said composition against e elation but less than :an :amount sufficient :to ginduce-separation of said oompositiomiabout 0.3 ---toiaoout 3%of5anethylene glycol and an amount ;of 51a iglycol' ether of from about one toabout five times gthat :oi theethylene glycol, the-total amount "of soap being less than :the amount of extreme pressure agent but: suiiicient to stabilize :the composition.againstseparation.

3. A-stablesolu-ble oil composition comprising x-ajmineral oil, from about-% and 'upto about 150%"based' on the-weightof said composition of ,an extreme pressure agent ;-fro m ;the group consisting-of sulfur-containing, phosphorus contain- .ing and chlorine containing extreme pressure agents for said (mineral oil; "Water an amount sufficient to inhibit said-composition againstgela- -tion 'butless :than an zamounttsuiiicientito induce separation of said oomposition, a water-soluble isoap as-rian emulsifying agent, and a coupling- :agentconsisting essentially of from-about '0;3'to about 3 of anethylenegglycol' and anamc-unt of .ay:glyool--etherof tfrom'about one to about 'five times-that ofthe ethylene glycol, the total amount of soap being present ;-in an amount sufiicient to stabilize the stated composition against separation but less than that required to stabilize the -stated composition against separation in the absence of the said coupling agent.

' 4; A stablesolublevoil composition comprising a I mineral-oiL-from about-5 to about 50% based on the weight of said composition of an extreme ,pressureagent from-the group consisting of sul- .,ur-oontaining, phosphorus-containing, and chlorine- -containing extreme -pressure-agents for said mineral oil, .a water soluble soap as an-emulsify- ,ing'iagent, water in :an amount sufiicient to :inlhibitsaid composition against gelation but less than an amount su-flioient toiinduce separation of :said composition, and a coupling agent compri- :ingiromabout 0.3.to-about 3% of diethy-lene glycol and an amount of ethylene glycol-mono- ;butyl-etheriof from about one to about flve times that of the ethylene glycol, the total amount-of soap;bein-g less th'an the-amount of extreme. pressure agent but sufficient to stabilize theacom-posit-ionagainst separation.

5. A-stablesoluble oil composition comprising a mineral oil having incorporated thereimmore than about.5% andillp toabout by weight of an extreme pressure agent from the group consisting of sulfurecontaining, phosphoruscontaining and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents for said oil, a water-solublesoap g as an emulsifying agent, waterin an amount-sufficient-to inhibit said composition against gela- ..tion .but less than an amount suificientto induce separation of ,-said-.-composition, and a coupling agent comprising from about 0.3 toabout 2 of=an ethylene glycolsand an amount of aglycol ether of from about one to about five times that of the ethyleneglycol, the total amount of soap being less than the amount of, extreme-pressure agent but sufficientto stabilize the composition against separation.

'6. A-stable soluble oil composition'comprising a mineral oil having incorporatedtherein about 25 to about 30 by -weight of a'sulfur-containing extreme pressure-agent, about 12% of a water- -soluble-soap as an emulsifying-agent,water in an amount sufiicient to inhibit-saidcomposition "against gelation but less than an amount sufficient to induce separation of said composition, about 1% of an ethylene glycol, andeaboutyzqb of ,a glycol ether.

7. Asconeentrate, adapted for use Lina mineral oilto form a-stable soluble ,oil composition, which comprises-;more thanabout 5% and up toabout 50 %=by weight of anloil-solubleeextreme pressure agent fromthe group consisting ofchlorine-oom taining, phosphorus-containing and sulfur-containing extreme pressure agents, a water-soluble :soap, water in an amount sufiicient to inhibit gelationhbut less than an amount sufficient to induce separation of said-concentrate upon .solu- ,tion-thereof in a mineraloil, about 0.3% to about 3% of va polyhydroxy alcohol, and an alcohol- ,ether in an amount of from about one to about five times that of the polyhydroxy alcohol, the total amount of soap. in said concentrate being less than-theamountof extreme pressure agent .but in an amount sufficient to provide a -stable .o'il to .form a stable soluble oil composition, which comprises more thanabout 5% andup to about 50% by weight of an extreme pressure agent from the .group consisting of sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing, and chlorine-containing extreme pressure;agentsfor mineral oils, a Water-soluble soap, water in an amount sufficient to inhibit gelation but less than an amountsuffi ,cient to induce separation of said concentrate upon solution thereof in a mineral oil,- about 0.3 to about 3% of an ethylene-glycol and an amount of a glycol ether of -cfrom about one to about five times that of the ethylene:glycol,:-,the

total amount of soap in said concentrate being .less than the amount of extreme pressureagent mineral oil in:propor,tions resulting azmineral 13 oil composition containing more than about 5% of said extreme pressure agent.

9. A composition, as defined in claim 1, wherein the extreme pressure agent is sulfurized sperm oil.

10. A composition, as defined in claim 1, wherein the extreme pressure agent is sulfurized sperm oil and the polyhydroxy alcohol is an ethylene glycol.

11. A composition, as defined in claim 1, wherein the alcohol ether is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

12. A composition, as defined in claim 1, wherein the extreme pressure agent is present in an amount of about 10 to about 25% based on the weight of said composition.

13. A composition, as defined in claim 1, Wherein the soap is a metal salt of petroleum mahogany acids.

14 14. A composition, as defined in claim 13, wherein the soap is a sodium salt of petroleum mahogany acids.

STANLEY P. WAUGH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,965,935 Blount July 10, 1934 2,165,436 Zimmer et a1 July 11, 1939 2,320,263 Carlson et a1 May 25, 1943 5 2,338,522 Liberthson Jan. 4, 1949 2,466,642 Larsen Apr. 5, 1949 2,470,913 Bjorksten May 24, 1949 2,516,838 Schiermeier Aug. 1, 1950 

1. A STABLE SOLUBLE OIL COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MINERAL OIL, ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 50% BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID COMPSITION OF AN EXTREME PRESSURE AGENT FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SULFURCONTAINING, PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING AND CHLORINECONTAINING EXTREME PRESSURE AGENTS FOR SAID MINERAL OIL, A WATER-SOLUBLE SOAP AS AN EMULSIFYING AGENT, WATER IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO INHIBIT SAID COMPOSITION AGAINST GELATION BUT LESS THAN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE SEPARATION OF SAID COMPOSITION, ABOUT 0.3 TO ABOUT 3% OF A POLY-HYDROXY ALCOHOL AND AN AMOUNT OF AN ALCOHOL-ETHER OF FROM ABOUT ONE TO ABOUT FIVE TIMES THAT OF THE POLY-HYDROXY ALCOHOL, THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF SOAP BEING LESS THAN THE AMOUNT OF EXTEME PRESSURE AGENT BT SUFFICIENT TO STABILIZED THE COMPOSTION AGAINST SEPARATION. 